ГРАФІТОПОДІБНИЙ НІТРИД ВУГЛЕЦЮ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ СТРАТЕГІЇ ФОТОКАТАЛІТИЧНОЇ АКТИВАЦІЇ КАЛІЮ ПЕРОКСОМОНОСУЛЬФАТУ ДЛЯ ОКИСНЮВАЛЬНОЇ ДЕГРАДАЦІЇ БАРВНИКА DIRECT YELLOW 4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.47.2025.19Ключові слова:
графітоподібний нітрид вуглецю, фотокаталітична активація, калію пероксомоносульфат, окиснювальна деградація, барвник Direct Yellow 4Анотація
Розглянуто негативний вплив акумуляції барвників у водних середовищах на гідробіонтів та організм людини, окисні властивості калію пероксомоносульфату, структуру графітоподібного нітриду вуглецю (g-C3N4) та його основні фотокаталітичні застосування. Методом термічної полімеризації меламіну впродовж 2 год. за температури 550 °C було синтезовано g-C3N4. Особливості структури g-C3N4 охарактеризовано методами X-променевої дифракції та ІЧ-спектроскопії з Фур’є-перетворенням. Встановлено, що морфологія поверхні g-C3N4 представлена зморшками, порами і трубчастими структурами, які утворюються внаслідок виділення аміаку під час поліконденсації меламіну. Синтезований g-C3N4 використано як важливий елемент у стратегії фотокаталітичної активації оксону (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4). Виявлено, що максимальної ефективності деградації барвника Direct Yellow 4 (ступінь деградації становив 99,7 %) досягнули впродовж 1800 с в окиснювальній фотокаталітичній системі “УФ/g-C3N4/оксон”.
Посилання
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Xu M., Han L., Dong S.J. Facile fabrication of highly efficient g-C3N4/Ag2O heterostructured photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. ACS Applied Materials & Inter-faces. 2013. Vol. 5. No. 23. P. 12533—12540. doi.org/10.1021/am4038307
Ghanbari, F., & Moradi, M. (2017). Application of peroxymonosulfate and its activation methods for degradation of environmental organic pollutants: review. Chemical Engineering Journal. Vol. 310. P. 41—62. doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.10.064
Li, C., Shen, M., Li, X., Fu, Y., Dong, Y., Lyu, B., & Yuan, J. (2025). Chemical—mechanical polishing of 4H-SiC using multi-catalyst synergistic activation of potassium peroxymonosulfate. Processes. Vol. 13. No. 4. 1094. doi.org/10.3390/pr13041094
Guo, J., Lei, M., Yan, L., Huang, J., Liu, C., Ye, L., Li, B., Xu, X., & Li, Y. (2025). Sustainable water decontamination: advanced high‐valent iron active species‐driven peroxymonosulfate acti-vation for global challenges. CleanMat. Vol. 2. No. 2. P. 88—103. doi.org/10.1002/clem.70001
Laftani, Y., Chatib, B., Hachkar, M., & Boussaoud, A. (2025). Exploring the reactivity of hy-droxyl and sulfate radicals in enhancing water decontamination processes. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 22. P. 14719—14728. doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06647-3
Honarmandrad, Z., Sun, X., Wang, Z., Naushad, M., & Boczkaj, G. (2023). Activated persulfate and peroxymonosulfate based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for antibiotics degradation — a review. Water Resources and Industry. Vol. 29. 100194. doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2022.100194
Tan, J., Li, Z., Li, J., Wu, J., Yao, X., & Zhang, T. (2021). Graphitic carbon nitride-based materi-als in activating persulfate for aqueous organic pollutants degradation: a review on materials de-sign and mechanisms. Chemosphere. Vol. 262. 127675. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127675
Alaghmandfard, A., & Ghandi, K. (2022). A comprehensive review of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)—metal oxide-based nanocomposites: potential for photocatalysis and sensing. Nano-materials. Vol. 12. No. 2. 294. doi.org/10.3390/nano12020294
Yan, Y., Meng, Q., Tian, L., Cai, Y., Zhang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2024). Engineering of g-C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen production: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Vol. 25. No. 16. 8842. doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168842
Chandrappa, S., Galbao, S.J., Furube, A., & Murthy, D.H.K. (2023). Extending the optical ab-sorption limit of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts: a review. ACS Applied Nano Materials. Vol. 6. No. 21. P. 19551—19572. doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.3c04740
Pattanayak, D.S., Pal, D., Mishra, J., & Thakur, C. (2023). Noble metal—free doped graphitic carbon nitride (g‑C3N4) for efficient photodegradation of antibiotics: progress, limitations, and future directions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Vol. 30. P. 25546—25558. doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20170-9
Pei, J., Li, H., Zhuang, S., Zhang, D., & Yu, D. (2023). Recent advances in g-C3N4 photocata-lysts: a review of reaction parameters, structure design and exfoliation methods. Catalysts. Vol. 13. No. 11. 1402. doi.org/10.3390/catal13111402
Salunkhe, T.T., Gurugubelli, T.R., Viswanadham, B., Babu, B., Sreekanth, T.V.M., & Yoo, K. (2025). Exploring photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical applications of g-C3N4/metal sulfide quantum dots nanocomposites: a review of recent trends and innovations. Journal of Chemistry. Vol. 2025. 8849437. doi.org/10.1155/joch/8849437
Sudhaik, A., Raizada, P., Shandilya, P., Jeong, D.-Y., Lim, J.-H., & Singh, P. (2018). Review on fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride based efficient nanocomposites for photodegradation of aqueous phase organic pollutants. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Vol. 67. P. 28—51. doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.007
Ajiboye, T.O., Kuvarega, A.T., & Onwudiwe, D.C. (2020). Graphitic carbon nitride-based cata-lysts and their applications: a review. Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects. Vol. 24. 100577. doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100577
Papailias, I., Giannakopoulou, T., Todorova, N., Demotikali, D., Vaimakis, T., & Trapalis, C. (2015). Effect of processing temperature on structure and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4. Applied Surface Science. Vol. 358. P. 278—286. doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.08.097
Fang, H.-B., Luo, Y., Zheng, Y.-Z., Ma, W., & Tao, X. (2016). Facile large-scale synthesis of urea-derived porous graphitic carbon nitride with extraordinary visible-light spectrum photodeg-radation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Vol. 55. No. 16. P. 4506—4514. doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00041
Dong, F., Wu, L., Sun, Y., Fu, M., Wu, Z., & Lee, S.C. (2011). Efficient synthesis of polymeric g-C3N4 layered materials as novel efficient visible light driven photocatalyst. Journal of Materi-als Chemistry. Vol. 21. No. 39. P. 15171—15174. doi.org/10.1039/C1JM12844B
Thomas, A., Fischer, A., Goettmann, F., Antonietti, M., Mueller, J.O., Schloegl, R., & Carls-son, J.M. (2008). Graphitic carbon nitride materials: variation of structure and morphology and their use as metal-free catalysts. Journal of Materials Chemistry. Vol. 18. No. 41. P. 4893—4908. doi.org/10.1039/B800274F
Li, Y.B., Zhang, H.M., Liu, P., Wang, D., Li, Y., & Zhao, H.J. (2013). Cross-linked g-C3N4/rGO nanocomposites with tunable band structure and enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Small. Vol. 9. No. 19. P. 3336—3344. doi.org/10.1002/smll.201203135
Dong, F., Wang, Z., Sun, Y., Ho, W.-K., & Zhang, H. (2013). Engineering the nanoarchitecture and texture of polymeric carbon nitride semiconductor for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. Vol. 401. P. 70—79. doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.03.034
Bojdys, M.J., Muller, J.O., Antonietti, M., & Thomas, A. (2008). Ionothermal synthesis of crys-talline, condensed, graphitic carbon nitride. Chemistry—A European Journal. Vol. 14. No. 27. P. 8177—8182. doi.org/10.1002/chem.200800190
Xu, M., Han, L., & Dong, S.J. (2013). Facile fabrication of highly efficient g-C3N4/Ag2O heter-ostructured photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. ACS Applied Ma-terials & Interfaces. Vol. 5. No. 23. P. 12533—12540. doi.org/10.1021/am4038307
